portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬的采收portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">分級portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包裝和運輸是進入正式貯藏或上市之前所portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">要做portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">的工作portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采收和采后商品化處理主要對果品產生兩個方面影響portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">一個方面影響果蔬品質及耐貯性portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">如適期采收portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采后的分級挑選portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">合理包裝portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采后病蟲害控制portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采后及時預冷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">合理碼垛等都會對果品的貯運產生一定的影響portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">另一方面影響果蔬的商品性portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">在商品流通領域portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">要求大小規格一致portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">外觀漂亮portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包裝精美適當portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">確保貨架時間portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">這就要求果品采后要按照一定的標準進行分級portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包裝portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">有的果品為使外觀漂亮和延長貨架期portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">還須清洗portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">打蠟portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以提高果實的商品性狀portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬采收
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采收是果蔬生產的最后一個環節portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">也是采后處理的開始portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬采收成熟度與其產量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">品質和貯藏特性有著密切的關系portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">生產上成熟度的判別一般根據不同品種及其生物學特性portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">生長情況portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以及氣候條件portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">栽培管理等因素綜合考慮portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">同時portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">還要從調節市場供應portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">運輸和加工需要portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">勞力安排等多方面確定適宜采收期portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬分級
果蔬只有通過分級才能按級定價，同時便于收購、貯藏、包裝、流通和銷售。通過分級貯藏，采取不同貯藏技術可有效減少果蔬貯藏損失。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬的包裝
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬包裝是標準化portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">商品化portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">保證運輸和貯藏的重要措施portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">在現代商品運輸中portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包裝尤為重要portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">它不僅起著保護果蔬品質和利于貯藏的作用portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">而且是降低費用portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">擴大銷售的重要因素之一portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">運輸
運輸是聯系產、供、銷三者之間的紐帶，是果蔬流通中的一個重要環節。這就要求盡量做到快裝快運、放熱防涼，并注意輕拿輕放，減少機械損傷。在運輸過程中。應根據不同種類果蔬的特性，運輸路程的長短，季節與天氣變化情況，盡可能制造適宜的溫度、濕度等條件，以減少果蔬在運輸途中的損失。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); font-size: 20px;">二、預冷技術
預冷就是迅速去除果實由田間攜帶的熱量，將產品溫度降到適宜溫度的過程。預冷是農產品冷鏈保藏運輸中必不可少的環節，必須在產地采收后立即進行。若不能及時降溫預冷，在運輸冷藏過程中很快就會達到成熟狀態，大大縮短貯藏壽命
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">自然預冷
自然預冷就是將果實放在陰涼通風的地方使其自然冷卻。采收后于陰涼處放置一夜，利用夜間低溫，使之自然冷卻，次日氣溫升高前入貯。
2）風冷
風冷是使冷空氣迅速流經果實周圍使之冷卻的一個過程。風冷可以在低溫貯藏庫內進行，將產品裝箱。縱橫堆碼于庫內，箱與箱之間留有空隙，冷風循環時，流經產品周圍將熱量帶走。
風冷的另一種方式是壓差通風冷卻。其方法是在產品垛靠近冷卻器的一側豎立一隔板，隔板下部安裝一風扇。風扇轉動使隔板內外形成壓力差。產品垛上面設置一覆蓋物，覆蓋物的一邊與隔板密接，使冷空氣不能從產品垛的上方通過，而要水平方向穿過包裝上縫或孔在產品縫隙間流動，將其熱量帶走。壓差通風冷卻效果較好，冷卻所需時間只有普通冷庫通風冷卻方式的1/2~1/5。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">風冷方式還有隧道式空氣循環冷卻portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">即產品進入隧道后以portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3~5 m/sportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">的風速鼓portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">冷空氣使之冷卻portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">這一方法可將果實在portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">~portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1.5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">hportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">內冷卻到portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">50portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">比在庫房內靜止空氣冷卻快十幾倍portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">產品可以裝在容器中portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">從隧道一端向另一端推進portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">也可利用傳送帶運送portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">總之portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">在選擇預冷方式時portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">必須要考慮現有的設備portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">成本portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包裝類型portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">距離銷售市場的遠近以及產品本身的特性portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">在預冷期間要定期測量產品的溫度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以判斷冷卻的程度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">防止溫度過低產生冷害或凍害portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">造成產品在運輸portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏或銷售過程中變質腐爛portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(0, 176, 80); font-size: 20px;">三、保鮮技術要點
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">簡易冷庫與組裝冷庫管理
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">庫房清洗
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">清洗程序portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">按從上到下順序依次進行portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">先用噴槍潤濕portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">然后用鬃刷上下刷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">霉漬下來以后portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">再用高壓清洗機噴槍沖洗portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">最后沖洗地面portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">掃出地面積水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">庫房消毒
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">消毒操作步驟portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">所有庫房在使用結束后portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">及時清掃并用水沖洗portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">消毒前庫內須干凈portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">整潔portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">庫內無積水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">無雜物portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">空庫預冷
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入庫前portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1~2 dportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">將所需庫緩慢降至portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">0portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃以下portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">經過預冷的果實可以一次性入庫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">未經預冷的果品要分批入庫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">每天入庫量不超過庫容的portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">20%~30%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入庫使庫溫上升不超過portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">庫房管portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">理
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">溫度
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯溫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">冷庫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">滿后要求portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">48 hportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">內庫溫進入技術規范狀態portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏期間要保持庫溫穩定portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">波動幅度不超過portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">0portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃±portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">測溫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">庫房溫度可以連續或間歇測定portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">一般每隔portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2 hportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">記錄一次數據portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">測量溫度的溫度計精度不得大于portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">0portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">.portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">相對濕度
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">①適宜濕度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">蘋果貯藏期間的最適相對濕度為portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">90%-95%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">可用庫底灑水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">(portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">水面高度不能高于垛底墊木或托盤portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">)portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">或加濕器加濕portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">②測量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">測量濕度的儀器精度要求在portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">±portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">測點選擇與測溫點同portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">空氣環流
庫房內的冷風機應最大限度地使庫內空氣溫度均勻一致，使之帶出包裝內部產品新陳代謝產生二氧化碳、乙烯和其他揮發性物質。貨間風速為0.25-0.5m/s。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">4）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">通風換氣
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏過程中要適當通風換氣portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">將庫內積累的乙烯portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">二氧化碳portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">乙醇portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">乙醛等有害氣體排出portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">一般portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">在庫溫與外界氣溫接近的早晨或夜間進行portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">特別在貯藏前期portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">產品的代謝旺盛portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">要加強通風換氣portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">一般前期每隔一周換一次氣portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">溫度穩定后的中后期portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">~2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">周換一次氣portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">4、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">出庫
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏壽命
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏期間不得延長到影響蘋果的銷售質量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">為此portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">必須定期抽檢portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">發現問題及時處理portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">出庫時質量
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">蘋果經貯藏后portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">其出庫時的質量必須保證一定的貨架壽命portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">同時要求果實風味正常portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">無任何異味portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">出庫注意事項
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">出庫時若庫內外溫差大時portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">易使果面結露portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">引起腐壞portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">外界溫度過高時portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">出庫后易發生虎皮病portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">故要求在庫內檢查portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">選果portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包裝并以冷藏車運輸portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以保證果品貨架期質量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">檢查規則及檢驗方法
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入庫檢驗
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入庫前進行蘋果質量和成熟度的檢驗portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">抽取樣品逐項按規定檢驗后portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以件為單位分項記錄于抽檢記錄單上portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">每批檢驗完畢后計算合格率portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以判定該批蘋果的入庫質量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏期檢驗
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏期間要每月抽檢一次portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">抽檢項目包括果實硬度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">可溶性固形物含量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">生理性病害portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">侵染性病害portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">失重率等并分項記錄portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">若發現問題應及時處理portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">出庫檢驗
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">蘋果出庫前除按貯藏期檢驗項目進行檢驗外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">尚需按照portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">NY5011portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">中的方法進行安全衛生指標的檢測并統計好果率和損耗率portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">填好出庫檢驗記錄單portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">6portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬通風庫運行管理
通風貯藏庫是具有良好隔熱性能的永久性建筑，設置有靈活的通風系統。它以通風換氣的方式，排除庫內熱空氣，維持庫內比較穩定、適宜的貯藏溫度，
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">準備工作
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">庫房及設施消毒處理通常用醫用來蘇水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">(40%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">福爾馬林portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1000portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">倍液portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">)portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">噴灑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">或硫磺熏蒸處理portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">硫磺用鋸末等助燃物品點燃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">用量portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">10~15portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">g/portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">m3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">灑完藥劑及硫磺點燃后密封庫房portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2~3 dportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">消毒期間原則上人不得進入庫內portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">特別是熏硫對人的呼吸道有較強的刺激和腐蝕作用portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">庫房消毒portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">后啟動風扇通風portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1~2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">個晚上方可使用portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬的采收
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">用于貯藏的果實一般要適當早采portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果實已充分長大portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">但未完全成熟portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果實質地尚硬實portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">有利于貯藏和長途運輸portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬采收處理
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采收后入貯的果實portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">應在庫外經一夜預冷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">第二天早晨日出前入庫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">或早晨采收portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采后立即入庫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">如果利用自然通風庫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采收后的果品需要在庫外陰涼處存放至立冬前后入庫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果實貯藏期間不宜倒箱選果portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">也不宜倒垛portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">箱與箱之間擺放要留有足夠縫距portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">一般箱與墻之間留一橫拳距離portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">箱與箱之間留一縱拳距離portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以利散熱和通風降溫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">4portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">溫度管理
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">①貯藏前期溫度管理portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">前期果實溫度較高portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">整個管理工作的重點是盡可能通過外界自然冷源通風降溫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">②貯藏中期溫度管理portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">北方蘋果庫應注意凍害并重視土層和圍護結構蓄冷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">當外界氣溫低于一portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">6portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃時可間歇通風portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">或改排風方式為送風portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">或白天通風portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">同時靠近通風口的果箱要用麻袋portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">席子或草簾加以遮蓋portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以防果蔬被凍傷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">夾套portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">分道式通風庫應利用通風系統優勢加強蓄冷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">③貯藏后期庫房管理portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">重點是保冷降溫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">白天注意掛好棉門簾portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">關閉門窗portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">(portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">通氣孔portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">)portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">嚴格保冷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">防止庫內外空氣交流portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">庫房作業盡可能安排在氣溫偏低的早portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">晚進行portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">另外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">寒流時若氣溫低于庫溫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃以下時portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">立即啟動風扇通風降溫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">否則應關閉所有通風口portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">濕度管理
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬通風貯藏庫一般通風量越大portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">庫內濕度越低portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">特別是貯藏初期portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">庫內相對濕度較低portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬易脫水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">這時可采用在庫內地面潑水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">鋪細沙后潑水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">將水灑在墻壁上等方法portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">使庫內相對濕度保持在portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">85%-95%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">6portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果蔬品質檢查
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏初期庫溫較高portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏物腐爛較多portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">應經常檢查腐爛情況portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">及時清除腐爛物portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏后期portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">庫溫逐步回升portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">腐爛也將加重portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">應加強對品質變化情況的檢查portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以便及時確定貯藏期限portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">7、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">富士蘋果貯藏技術要點
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">運作流程
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">流程中各環節要求
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">①采收
套袋富士采收前15—20 d指導果農按時按要求摘袋，準確掌握成熟度及果實著色度，避免采收未成熟以及過熟果品。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">②庫房準備
庫房清洗與消毒：庫房使用前檢查所有庫的溫、濕度檢測系統，調試好制冷、加濕、氣調及照明等設備，確保在果品氣調貯存期間正常運行。
庫內預冷：入庫前一天將所需庫緩慢降至所需庫溫。
③原料入庫
入庫時間控制：需入庫果品要求在采后56h內進入冷庫庫房。
原料預冷、入庫：為了盡快將原料的果心溫度降至0℃，將原料及時調入原料預冷庫。
限量間隔入庫：每隔日單庫入庫量不超過1/3庫容。
樣果準備：原料庫樣果的準備與原料入庫同時進行。原料入庫過程對每一批(同一采購單)原料進行取樣。每次從同一木箱中抽取10~15個樣果。前期入庫的原料每次取同等級、同規格的樣果15個，分別放入15個塑料筐內，后期入庫的原料每次取15個同等級、同規格樣果放入15個塑料筐內。每個庫每筐取樣量不得少于25個。原料庫入滿后，將樣品果筐放在靠近下觀察窗的附近，以方便定期檢查時取樣。
④貯期管理
封庫：原料庫入滿后。將溫、濕度運行系統調整至正常運行狀態并校正。每日巡檢運行參數及設備運行情況，監控中發現運行指標異常，及時檢測校正并做好詳細記錄。
質量管理：定期檢測。單庫每次取樣量1筐樣果。特別情況進庫加大取樣量；檢測項目，糖度、硬度、病害；異常處理。發現庫存異常及時反映情況并提出處理方案。
⑤果品出庫：需對出庫果品進行品質檢測。
3）運輸
成品運輸采用冷柜運輸，冷柜溫度保持0~4℃。
8、橘子和甜橙貯藏技術要點
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">1portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏特性
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">即使同一種類柑橘的不同品種耐貯性也有差別portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">如寬皮柑橘類中portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">蕉柑較耐貯藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">砂糖橘不耐貯藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">檻柑耐藏性中等portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">通常晚熟品種比早中熟品種耐貯藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">另外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">柑橘果實的大小portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">結構與耐貯藏性也有密切的關系portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">同一種類或同一品種的果實portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">常常是大果實不如中等大小果實耐貯藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">特別是寬皮橘類portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">在貯藏過程中portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">大果更容易出現枯水病portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">隨著果實的成熟度提高portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果皮的蠟質層增厚portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">有利于防止水分的蒸發和病菌的侵染portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">因此portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">成熟度較低的青果往往比成熟度高的果實容易失水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">甜橙果肉相對要致密portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果皮較厚portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">因此貯藏性能好portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">但是果實失水率達portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">-portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">時會出現浮皮病portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">因此portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏中一定注意保濕portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">柑橘和甜橙均為非躍變型果實portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">呼吸強度較低portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">對portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">二氧化碳portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">敏感portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">高portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">二氧化碳portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">常會引起果蒂干枯portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">參考貯藏條件portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">①溫度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">橘類portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">(portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">如溫州蜜柑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">砂糖橘portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">)4~5portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">廣東蕉柑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">8~9portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">椏柑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">(portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">紅橘portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">)10-120portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">甜橙portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5~7portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">②氣體成分portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">氧氣portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">一portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">10%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">二氧化碳portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">0~4%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">③相對濕度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">橘類portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">83%~87%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">甜橙portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">85%~90%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏場所選擇portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">目前柑橘和橙子多數采用簡易貯藏場所進行貯藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">如地窖portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">通風庫portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">山洞等portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">但是貯藏至翌年portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">月初以后portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">由于氣溫的急劇升高portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果實腐爛率明顯上升portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">品質劣變加快portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">明顯制約了貯藏期的進一步延長portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">所以portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">除了應在適宜地區科學建造和合理使用簡易貯藏場所外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">對栽培規模較大的甜橙基地portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">檸檬基地portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">應逐步發展冷藏庫貯藏portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">以滿足較長時間貯藏和出口的需要portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">4）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏中易出現的主要問題portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">柑橘貯藏過程中主要是防止青綠霉病引起的腐爛和失水引起的枯水浮皮portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">減免青綠霉病的主要途徑除了進行良好的田間管理防治病蟲害外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采收portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">分級portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">包裝portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">運輸等過程中應力求避免果實的機械傷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">因為青綠霉病原菌主要是通過傷口侵portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">其次portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">對果實進行必要的防腐處理也是目前生產中常用的方法portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">使用的防腐劑應符合有關衛生標準portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采用機械冷藏庫貯藏柑橘或甜橙時portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">如果采用裸果紙箱包裝portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">必須通過加濕的方式控制相對濕度在portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">85%~90%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采用通風庫貯藏時portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">由于庫內相對濕度通常較低portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">應采取單果包裝的方式portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">可有效避免失水portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">；portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">采用地窖貯藏時portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">多數地窖相對濕度可達到portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">85%~95%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">可以單果包裝也可以裸放portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">可視窖內濕度而定portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">應用比較表明portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">微膜袋portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">(0portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">.portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">015 mm)portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">單果包裝控制果實失重的效果最好portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">失重率僅為portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">左右portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">田間管理差portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">操作粗放portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏場所溫度偏高時portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">必須采用單果包裝的方式portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">因為portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">微膜既可以保濕portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">又可隔離果實病害之間的相互傳染portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">也有減輕柑橘褐斑病的作用portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">5）portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">貯藏中主要管理注意事項portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">①貯藏場所要進行消毒portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">特別是使用多年且有腐爛果實沾染的貯藏場所portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">消毒工作絕不能忽視和省略portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">②地窖貯藏量較大時portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">果實portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">入portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">窖或者檢查出貨時portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">必須用點燃火苗等方式試探窖內portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">二氧化碳portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">濃度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">防止發生人員窒息意外portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">③包裝之前的預貯處理十分重要portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">可以防止溫州蜜柑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">紅橘portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">碰柑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">南豐蜜橘等寬皮橘類的浮皮病和甜橙的干疤病portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">理想的預貯條件是portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">溫度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">7portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">℃portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">、portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">相對濕度portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">75%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">通常柑橘預貯portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2~5 dportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">寬皮橘類portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3~5 dportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">失水率portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3%~4%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">：portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">橙類portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">2-3 dportant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">失水率portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">3%portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">④防腐劑的作用是抑制和殺滅病原菌portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">目前我國允許用于柑橘采后防腐處理殺菌劑的有效成分是噻苯咪唑portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">商品名叫特克多portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">⑤目前不少砂糖橘采用帶枝葉采收和貯運portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">這種方式容易引起果實機械傷portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">所以portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">，portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">應提倡和采取不帶枝葉的貯運和銷售模式portant; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 2em;">。
